Naissances du totalitarisme
Collection Cerf Politique
256 pages - mai 2011
22,00€
La question totalitaire n'est pas close. Les révolutions communiste, fasciste et nazie forment un phénomène unitaire. Le fait est désormais à peu près accepté, mais il reste encore à le dompter dans la pensée. Philosophes et historiens se livrent ici ensemble à ce travail. Le totalitarisme ne se limite pas aux systèmes stalinien et nazi dans leur maturité. Dès les premiers pas du bolchevisme et du fascisme apparaît une combinaison inédite de violence politique et de foi révolutionnaire. Des observateurs lucides en eurent l'intuition dès les années trente (Bernard Bruneteau). Emilio Gentile montre le totalitarisme originaire du fascisme, dès la naissance du « parti milice » de Mussolini en 1919. Ce mélange de terreur et de ferveur défie les notions habituelles d'idéologie et de tyrannie. L'idéologie est-elle le cœur des régimes totalitaires ? La question divise toujours les historiens. Révolution du nihilisme, religion politique, contre-religion : Thierry Gontier, Philippe Raynaud et Paul Thibaud discutent ces interprétations. Pourquoi la Russie, pourquoi l'Italie, pourquoi l'Allemagne ? L'anthropologie renouvelle la question des origines : le totalitarisme est une réaction extrême à la modernisation, dans des pays où elle a été tardive et brutale (Philippe de Lara). À la fois réactions passéistes et surenchères futuristes, les totalitarismes sont partie intégrante de la modernité.
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The debate on totalitarianism has not been settled. The communist, Fascist and Nazi revolutions form a single phenomenon. That fact is nowadays more or less accepted, but it still has to be thought out and understood. Here, philosophers and historians set about this task. Totalitarianism is not limited to full-blown Stalinist and Nazi systems. In the early days of Bolshevism and Fascism there appeared a combination of political violence and revolutionary fervour never seen before. Lucid observers experienced that intuition at the beginning of the 30s (Bernard Bruneteau). Emilio Gentile demonstrates how totalitarianism originates from Fascism, as early as the birth of Mussolini’s ‘militia party’ in 1919. This blend of terror and fervour flies in the face our familiar notions of ideology and tyranny. Does ideology lie at the heart of totalitarian regimes? The question continues to divide historians. Nihilistic revolution, political religion, counter-religion: Thierry Gontier, Philippe Raynaud and Paul Thibaud discuss these interpretations. Why Russia, why Italy, why Germany? Anthropology revives the question of its origins: totalitarianism is an extreme reaction to modernization in those countries where it has been belated and brutal (Philippe de Lara). Both backward-looking reaction and futuristic intensification, totalitarianism is part and parcel of modernity.
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The debate on totalitarianism has not been settled. The communist, Fascist and Nazi revolutions form a single phenomenon. That fact is nowadays more or less accepted, but it still has to be thought out and understood. Here, philosophers and historians set about this task. Totalitarianism is not limited to full-blown Stalinist and Nazi systems. In the early days of Bolshevism and Fascism there appeared a combination of political violence and revolutionary fervour never seen before. Lucid observers experienced that intuition at the beginning of the 30s (Bernard Bruneteau). Emilio Gentile demonstrates how totalitarianism originates from Fascism, as early as the birth of Mussolini’s ‘militia party’ in 1919. This blend of terror and fervour flies in the face our familiar notions of ideology and tyranny. Does ideology lie at the heart of totalitarian regimes? The question continues to divide historians. Nihilistic revolution, political religion, counter-religion: Thierry Gontier, Philippe Raynaud and Paul Thibaud discuss these interpretations. Why Russia, why Italy, why Germany? Anthropology revives the question of its origins: totalitarianism is an extreme reaction to modernization in those countries where it has been belated and brutal (Philippe de Lara). Both backward-looking reaction and futuristic intensification, totalitarianism is part and parcel of modernity.
- Dimensions : 135x215x18
- ISBN : 9782204093170
- Poids : 330 grammes
Avec la collaboration de : Bernard Bruneteau, Emilio Gentile, Paul Thibaud, Philippe de Lara, Philippe Raynaud, Thierry Gontier