Martyrs oubliés du Tibet (Les)
de Françoise Fauconnet-Buzelin
Collection Petits Cerf Histoire
656 pages - nov. 2012
51,70€
Alors que se développait en Europe la vision mythique d'un Tibet tolérant et mystique, les prêtres français des Missions étrangères de Paris, envoyés à la conquête du Toit du monde, se heurtèrent à une violente opposition de la part des autorités lamaïques. Refoulés à la frontière et contraints de se replier dans les confins occidentaux des provinces chinoises du Sichuan et du Yunnan où un puissant réseau monastique entretenait l'influence spirituelle et politique de Lhassa, ils végétèrent pendant un siècle au sein de petites communautés chrétiennes perpétuellement menacées, jusqu'à leur expulsion définitive par les communistes en 1952. Entre 1865 et 1940, huit d'entre eux furent assassinés. Fondateurs des communautés chrétiennes qui conservent encore fidèlement leur souvenir, ils furent explorateurs et pasteurs, infirmiers et enseignants, bâtisseurs et cultivateurs, botanistes et linguistes. Mais, poussés par les circonstances à devenir les complices plus ou moins consentants des ambitions coloniales d'une France qui avait imposé à la Chine son protectorat sur les missions, ils furent aussi les témoins et les cibles privilégiés des rivalités de pouvoir et des conflits entre Chinois et Tibétains, qui ravagèrent la région bien avant que la question de l'autonomie du Tibet devienne un problème international. Peut-on les considérer comme des martyrs victimes de l'ostracisme des lamas ? Furent-ils les pièces sacrifiées d'une mission vouée à l'échec en raison des multiples contradictions politiques qui pesaient sur elle ? Comment envisageaient-ils eux-mêmes l'éventualité d'une mort violente alors qu'en France leur maison mère acquérait sa réputation de « Séminaire des Martyrs » ? Sans prétendre apporter des réponses définitives à ces questions, cet ouvrage retrace leur carrière et analyse leurs comportements dans le contexte extrêmement confus et tumultueux durant lequel ils exercèrent leur ministère.
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As Europe bathed in a mythical vision of a tolerant and mystical Tibet, French priests from the Foreign Missions in Paris - dispatched to conquer the Roof of the World - met with violent opposition from the Lamaist authorities. Driven back from the frontier and forced to withdraw to the Western confines of the Chinese provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan, where a powerful monastic network maintained the spiritual and political influence of Lhasa, they vegetated for a century within small Christian communities that were constantly under threat, until they were definitively expelled by the Communists in 1952. Eight of them were murdered between 1865 and 1940. These Christian communities faithfully revere the memory of their founders, who were explorers and pastors, nurses and teachers, builders and farmers, botanists and linguists. However, in those days, the priests were obliged to become the more or less willing accomplices of the colonial ambitions of France, which had obliged China to put the missions under its protectorate. They were also first-hand witnesses and targets of Chinese/Tibetan power struggles and the conflicts that ravaged the region long before the issue of Tibetan independence became an international problem. Can we consider them as martyred victims of Lamaist ostracism? Were they the price to pay for a mission that was doomed to failure, given the many inherent political contradictions? Did they themselves envisage the eventuality of a violent death, since back in France, their parent organisation was acquiring the moniker of ‘Martyrs’ seminary? Without claiming to provide definitive answers to these questions, this book retraces the careers of those priests and analyses their behaviour in the extremely confused and tumultuous context of their ministry.
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As Europe bathed in a mythical vision of a tolerant and mystical Tibet, French priests from the Foreign Missions in Paris - dispatched to conquer the Roof of the World - met with violent opposition from the Lamaist authorities. Driven back from the frontier and forced to withdraw to the Western confines of the Chinese provinces of Sichuan and Yunnan, where a powerful monastic network maintained the spiritual and political influence of Lhasa, they vegetated for a century within small Christian communities that were constantly under threat, until they were definitively expelled by the Communists in 1952. Eight of them were murdered between 1865 and 1940. These Christian communities faithfully revere the memory of their founders, who were explorers and pastors, nurses and teachers, builders and farmers, botanists and linguists. However, in those days, the priests were obliged to become the more or less willing accomplices of the colonial ambitions of France, which had obliged China to put the missions under its protectorate. They were also first-hand witnesses and targets of Chinese/Tibetan power struggles and the conflicts that ravaged the region long before the issue of Tibetan independence became an international problem. Can we consider them as martyred victims of Lamaist ostracism? Were they the price to pay for a mission that was doomed to failure, given the many inherent political contradictions? Did they themselves envisage the eventuality of a violent death, since back in France, their parent organisation was acquiring the moniker of ‘Martyrs’ seminary? Without claiming to provide definitive answers to these questions, this book retraces the careers of those priests and analyses their behaviour in the extremely confused and tumultuous context of their ministry.
- Dimensions : 145x215x30
- ISBN : 9782204095938
- Poids : 760 grammes